Pamene dziko likufulumizitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, maofesi a mphepo yamkuntho (OWFs) akukhala mzati wofunikira kwambiri pamagetsi. Mu 2023, mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi yamphamvu yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja idafika pa 117 GW, ndipo ikuyembekezeka kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka 320 GW pofika 2030. Kuthekera kwapadziko lonse lapansi kumayang'ana kwambiri ku Europe (495 GW kuthekera), Asia (292 GW), ndi America (200 GW), pomwe kuthekera koyikidwa mu Africa ndi 19 GW kutsika (GW 19). Pofika chaka cha 2050, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti 15% yamapulojekiti atsopano amphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja atenga maziko oyandama, kukulitsa kwambiri malire achitukuko m'madzi akuya. Komabe, kusintha kwa mphamvu kumeneku kumabweretsanso zoopsa za chilengedwe. Panthawi yomanga, kugwira ntchito, ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito kwa minda yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja, amatha kusokoneza magulu osiyanasiyana monga nsomba, zamoyo zopanda msana, mbalame za m'nyanja, ndi zinyama zam'madzi, kuphatikizapo kuipitsidwa kwa phokoso, kusintha kwa minda yamagetsi, kusintha kwa malo, ndi kusokoneza njira zopezera chakudya. Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, mapangidwe a makina opangira mphepo amathanso kukhala "matanthwe opangira" kuti apereke malo okhala ndi kupititsa patsogolo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo.
1.Mafamu amphepo akunyanja amayambitsa kusokonezeka kwamitundu yambiri, ndipo mayankho amawonetsa kutsimikizika kwakukulu kwamitundu ndi machitidwe.
Mafamu amphepo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja (OWFs) ali ndi zovuta pazamoyo zosiyanasiyana monga mbalame za m'nyanja, zoyamwitsa, nsomba, ndi zamoyo zopanda msana panthawi yomanga, yogwira ntchito, komanso yochotsa ntchito. Mayankho a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi osiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zouluka (monga akalulu, loon, ndi mbalame za miyendo itatu) zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chopewera ma turbines amphepo, ndipo khalidwe lawo lopeŵa limawonjezeka ndi kukwera kwa mphamvu ya turbine. Komabe, nyama zina zam'madzi monga seal ndi porpoises zimasonyeza khalidwe loyandikira kapena sizikuwonetsa kupeŵa. Mitundu ina (monga mbalame zam'madzi) imatha kusiyanso malo awo oberekera ndi madyerero chifukwa cha kusokonezedwa ndi mafamu amphepo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwawoko. Kutengeka kwa chingwe cha nangula komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mafamu amphepo oyandama kumathanso kuonjezera ngozi yotsekeredwa ndi zingwe, makamaka anamgumi akulu akulu. Kuwonjezeka kwa madzi akuya m'tsogolomu kudzakulitsa vutoli.
2.Mafamu am'mphepete mwa nyanja amasintha momwe chakudya chimakhalira, kuchulukitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yakumaloko koma kumachepetsa kukolola kwakukulu m'chigawo.
Mapangidwe a makina opangira mphepo amatha kukhala ngati "matanthwe opangira", kukopa zamoyo zodyetsera zosefera monga nkhanu ndi ma barnacles, potero zimakulitsa zovuta zamalo am'deralo ndikukopa nsomba, mbalame ndi nyama zoyamwitsa. Komabe, "kupititsa patsogolo zakudya" izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi ndi malo opangira makina opangira magetsi, pamene pachigawo chachigawo, pangakhale kuchepa kwa zokolola. Mwachitsanzo, zitsanzo zikuwonetsa kuti mapangidwe amtundu wamtundu wa mussel (Mytilus edulis) wopangidwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho ku North Sea atha kuchepetsa zokolola zoyambira mpaka 8% kudzera pakudya zosefera. Kuphatikiza apo, mphepo imasintha kukwera, kusakanikirana koyima ndi kugawanso zakudya, zomwe zingapangitse kuti phytoplankton ikhale yochuluka kwambiri.
3. Phokoso, minda yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi ngozi zakugunda ndizomwe zimawopsa kwambiri zitatu, ndipo mbalame ndi zoyamwitsa zam'madzi ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi izi.
Pakumanga minda yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja, ntchito za zombo ndi ntchito zochulukira zitha kuyambitsa kugundana ndi kufa kwa akamba am'nyanja, nsomba, ndi cetaceans. Chitsanzochi chikusonyeza kuti panthaŵi zachipambano, famu iliyonse yoyendera mphepo imatha kukumana ndi anamgumi akuluakulu kamodzi pamwezi. Chiwopsezo cha kugunda kwa mbalame panthawi ya opareshoni chimakhazikika pamtunda wa ma turbines amphepo (mamita 20 - 150), ndipo mitundu ina monga Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris), ndi Black-bellied Gull (Larus schistisagus) imakonda kukumana ndi migration. Ku Japan, muzochitika zina za kutumizidwa kwa famu yamphepo, chiwerengero cha pachaka cha mbalame zomwe zimafa chimaposa 250. Poyerekeza ndi mphamvu ya mphepo yochokera pamtunda, ngakhale kuti palibe milandu ya imfa ya mileme yomwe yalembedwa chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mphepo yamkuntho, zoopsa zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwa chingwe ndi kutsekeka kwachiwiri (monga kuphatikizidwa ndi zida zosiyidwa zosodza).
4. Njira zowunikira ndi zochepetsera zilibe zokhazikika, ndipo kugwirizanitsa kwapadziko lonse ndi kusintha kwa madera kuyenera kutsogozedwa munjira ziwiri zofanana.
Pakadali pano, kuunika kochuluka (ESIA, EIA) ndi pulojekiti komanso kusowa kwa projekiti ndi cross-temporal cumulative impact analysis (CIA), zomwe zimachepetsa kumvetsetsa kwazomwe zimachitika pamtundu wa mitundu-gulu-zachilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, 36% yokha mwa njira 212 zochepetsera zomwe zili ndi umboni womveka bwino. Madera ena ku Europe ndi North America adasanthula CIA yophatikizika yama projekiti ambiri, monga kuwunika kowonjezereka komwe kumachitika ndi BOEM pa Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf ya United States. Komabe, amakumanabe ndi zovuta monga kusakwanira kwa deta yoyambira komanso kuwunika kosagwirizana. Olembawo amalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa kumangidwa kwa zizindikiro zokhazikika, maulendo ochepa owonetsetsa, ndi ndondomeko zoyendetsera kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake (monga CBD kapena ICES monga mtsogoleri) ndi mapulogalamu owunikira zachilengedwe (REMPs).
5. Njira zowunikira zomwe zikubwera zimakulitsa kulondola kwakuwona kugwirizana kwa mphamvu ya mphepo ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ziyenera kuphatikizidwa m'magawo onse a moyo.
Njira zachikale zowunikira (monga kafukufuku woyendera sitima ndi ndege) ndizokwera mtengo komanso zimatengera nyengo. Komabe, njira zomwe zikubwera monga eDNA, kuyang'anira ma soundscapes, videography ya pansi pa madzi (ROV / UAV) ndi kuzindikira kwa AI zikusintha mofulumira zochitika zina zapamanja, zomwe zimathandizira kufufuza pafupipafupi kwa mbalame, nsomba, zamoyo za benthic ndi zamoyo zowonongeka. Mwachitsanzo, makina amapasa a digito (Digital Twins) aperekedwa kuti afanizire kugwirizana pakati pa makina amagetsi amphepo ndi chilengedwe pansi pa nyengo yoipa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mapulogalamu apano akadali pa nthawi yofufuza. Ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana umagwira ntchito pamagawo osiyanasiyana omanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kuchotsedwa ntchito. Zikaphatikizidwa ndi mapangidwe a nthawi yayitali (monga dongosolo la BACI), zikuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kufananitsa ndi kutsata mayankho amitundu yosiyanasiyana yazachilengedwe pamiyeso yonse.
Frankstar wakhala akudzipatulira kuti apereke njira zothetsera kuwunika kwa nyanja, ndi ukadaulo wotsimikizika pakupanga, kuphatikiza, kutumiza, ndi kukonzaZithunzi za MetOcean.
Pamene mphamvu zamphepo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja zikukulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi,Frankstarikugwiritsa ntchito luso lake lalikulu kuthandizira kuyang'anira zachilengedwe kwa minda yamphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyama zam'madzi. Pophatikiza ukadaulo wapamwamba ndi machitidwe otsimikiziridwa m'munda, Frankstar akudzipereka kuti athandizire pakukula kosatha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zam'nyanja ndi kuteteza zamoyo za m'madzi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-08-2025