Mugihe isi yihutisha kwimuka kwingufu zishobora kongera ingufu, imirima yumuyaga wo hanze (OWFs) ihinduka inkingi ikomeye yimiterere yingufu. Mu 2023, ingufu zashyizwe ku isi n’ingufu z’umuyaga wo mu nyanja zigeze kuri GW 117, kandi biteganijwe ko zizagera kuri GW 320 mu 2030. Ubu ubushobozi bwo kwaguka bwibanze cyane cyane mu Burayi (495 GW), Aziya (292 GW), no muri Amerika (200 GW), mu gihe ubushobozi bwashyizweho muri Afurika na Oseyaniya buri hasi (1.5 GW na 99 GW). Kugeza mu 2050, biteganijwe ko 15% by'imishinga mishya y’amashanyarazi y’umuyaga yo mu nyanja izakoresha urufatiro rureremba, bikagura cyane imipaka y’iterambere mu mazi maremare. Nyamara, iri hinduka ryingufu naryo rizana ingaruka zikomeye kubidukikije. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, gukora, no guhagarika ibikorwa by’imirima y’umuyaga wo ku nyanja, barashobora guhungabanya amatsinda atandukanye nk’amafi, inyamaswa zidafite ubuzima, inyoni zo mu nyanja, n’inyamabere z’inyamabere, harimo umwanda w’urusaku, impinduka mu mirima ya electroniki ya magnetiki, guhindura aho gutura, no kwivanga mu nzira zo kurisha. Ariko, icyarimwe, inyubako ya turbine yumuyaga irashobora kandi kuba "refe artificiel" kugirango itange aho iba kandi itezimbere amoko atandukanye.
1.Imirima yumuyaga wo ku nkombe itera imidugararo myinshi kumoko menshi, kandi ibisubizo byerekana umwihariko muburyo bwubwoko nimyitwarire.
Imirima yumuyaga wo hanze (OWFs) igira ingaruka zikomeye kumoko atandukanye nkinyoni zo mu nyanja, inyamaswa z’inyamabere, amafi, n’inyamaswa zidafite ubuzima mu gihe cyo kubaka, gukora, no guhagarika imirimo. Ibisubizo byubwoko butandukanye biratandukanye. Kurugero, inyamaswa zo mu kirere ziguruka (nk'imigezi, imizinga, hamwe n'amaguru atatu) zifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwirinda umuyaga w’umuyaga, kandi imyitwarire yabo yo kwirinda iriyongera hamwe no kwiyongera k'ubucucike bwa turbine. Nyamara, inyamaswa z’inyamabere zimwe na zimwe nka kashe na pisine byerekana imyitwarire yegera cyangwa ntigaragaza ko umuntu yakwirinda. Ubwoko bumwebumwe (nk'inyoni zo mu nyanja) burashobora no kureka aho bwororerwa no kugaburira bitewe n’ubuhinzi bw’umuyaga, bigatuma ubwinshi bwaho bugabanuka. Imiyoboro ya kaburimbo iterwa n’imirima y’umuyaga ireremba irashobora kandi kongera ibyago byo guhura n’insinga, cyane cyane ku nyanja nini. Kwaguka kwamazi maremare mugihe kizaza bizongera ibyago.
2.Imirima yumuyaga wo mu nyanja ihindura imiterere yurubuga rwibiribwa, ikongera ubwoko bwibinyabuzima bitandukanye ariko bikagabanya umusaruro wibanze mukarere.
Imiterere ya turbine yumuyaga irashobora gukora nk "reef artificiel", ikurura ibinyabuzima bigaburira muyungurura nka mussele na barnacle, bityo bikazamura aho bigarukira kandi bikurura amafi, inyoni n’inyamabere. Nyamara, iyi ngaruka "kuzamura intungamubiri" mubisanzwe igarukira hafi yikibanza cya turbine, mugihe kurwego rwakarere, hashobora kubaho kugabanuka kwumusaruro. Kurugero, icyitegererezo cyerekana ko umuyaga uterwa n'umuyaga uterwa no gushinga imitsi yubururu (Mytilus edulis) mu nyanja y'Amajyaruguru birashobora kugabanya umusaruro wibanze kugera kuri 8% binyuze mu kugaburira. Byongeye kandi, umurima wumuyaga uhindura kuzamuka, kuvanga guhagaritse no kugabura intungamubiri, ibyo bikaba bishobora gutuma habaho ingaruka zikomeye ziva kuri phytoplankton kugeza kumoko yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yubushyuhe.
3. Urusaku, imirima ya electromagnetique hamwe ningaruka zo kugongana bigize imikazo itatu yica, kandi inyoni n’inyamabere z’inyamabere nizo ziyumva cyane.
Mugihe cyo kubaka imirima yumuyaga wo hanze, ibikorwa byubwato nibikorwa byo gutwara indege birashobora gutera impanuka nimpfu zintungamubiri zo mu nyanja, amafi, na cetaceans. Icyitegererezo kigereranya ko mugihe cyimpera, buri murima wumuyaga ufite impuzandengo ishobora guhura ninyanja nini rimwe mukwezi. Ibyago byo kugongana n’inyoni mugihe cyibikorwa byibanda cyane ku burebure bwa turbine z'umuyaga (metero 20 - 150), kandi amoko amwe n'amwe nka Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Gull umurizo wa Gull (Larus crassirostris), na Gull-inda yirabura (Larus schistisagus) ikunda guhura n’impfu nyinshi mu nzira zimuka. Mu Buyapani, mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byo kohereza imirima y’umuyaga, buri mwaka umubare w’impfu zishobora guhitanwa n’inyoni zirenga 250. Ugereranije n’ingufu z’umuyaga zishingiye ku butaka, nubwo nta bantu bapfa bapfuye banditse ku mashanyarazi y’umuyaga wo ku nyanja, ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’insinga ndetse no kwangirika kwa kabiri (nko guhuza ibikoresho by’uburobyi byatereranywe) ziracyakomeza kuba maso.
4. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma no kugabanya ibicuruzwa ntibufite ubuziranenge, kandi guhuza isi n’imihindagurikire y’akarere bigomba gutezwa imbere mu buryo bubiri.
Kugeza ubu, isuzuma ryinshi (ESIA, EIA) ni urwego rwumushinga kandi ntirubuze guhuza imishinga no gusesengura ingaruka zigihe gito (CIA), bigabanya gusobanukirwa ningaruka kurwego rwibinyabuzima-amatsinda-urusobe rwibinyabuzima. Kurugero, 36% gusa byingamba 212 zo kugabanya kugabanya ibimenyetso bifite akamaro. Uturere tumwe na tumwe two mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru twakoze ubushakashatsi ku mishinga myinshi ihuriweho na CIA, nk'isuzuma rusange ryo mu karere ryakozwe na BOEM kuri Shelf ya Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf yo muri Amerika. Nyamara, baracyafite imbogamizi nkamakuru yibanze adahagije hamwe nogukurikirana bidahuye. Abanditsi batanga igitekerezo cyo guteza imbere iyubakwa ryibipimo ngenderwaho, inshuro ntarengwa zo kugenzura, hamwe na gahunda yo gucunga imihindagurikire y'ikirere binyuze ku mbuga mpuzamahanga zo gusangira amakuru (nka CBD cyangwa ICES nk'icyambere) na gahunda yo gukurikirana ibidukikije mu karere (REMPs).
5.Ikoranabuhanga rishya rigenzura ryongerera ukuri kwitegereza imikoranire y’ingufu z’umuyaga n’ibinyabuzima, kandi bigomba guhuzwa mu byiciro byose byubuzima.
Uburyo bwa gakondo bwo gukurikirana (nk'ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku bwato n'ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku kirere) buhenze kandi bworoshye ikirere. Nyamara, tekiniki zigaragara nka eDNA, kugenzura amajwi, gufata amashusho y’amazi (ROV / UAV) no kumenyekanisha AI birasimbuza byihuse bimwe mubikurikiranwa nintoki, bigafasha gukurikirana kenshi inyoni, amafi, ibinyabuzima bya bentique nubwoko butera. Kurugero, sisitemu yimpanga (Digital Twins) yasabwe kwigana imikoranire hagati yingufu zumuyaga n’ibinyabuzima mu bihe by’ikirere gikabije, nubwo ibyakoreshejwe bikiri mu bushakashatsi. Tekinoroji zitandukanye zirakoreshwa mubyiciro bitandukanye byo kubaka, gukora no gusezerera. Niba uhujwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyo gukurikirana igihe kirekire (nkurwego rwa BACI), byitezwe ko bizamura cyane igereranya nogukurikirana ibisubizo byibinyabuzima bitandukanye mubipimo.
Kuva kera, Frankstar yitangiye gutanga ibisubizo byuzuye byo kugenzura inyanja, hamwe nubuhanga bugaragara mubikorwa, guhuza, kubohereza, no kubungabungaMetocean buoys.
Mugihe ingufu z'umuyaga zo mu nyanja zikomeje kwaguka kwisi yose,Frankstaririmo gukoresha ubunararibonye bwayo kugirango ishyigikire ibidukikije ku mirima y’umuyaga n’inyamabere. Muguhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho hamwe nibikorwa byemejwe n’umurima, Frankstar yiyemeje kugira uruhare mu iterambere rirambye ry’ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu mu nyanja no kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2025