Sezvo nyika inomhanyisa shanduko yayo kune simba rinogoneka, mapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe (OWFs) ari kuita mbiru yakakosha yesimba resimba. Muna 2023, simba repasi rose rakaiswa simba remhepo kubva kumhenderekedzo yegungwa rakasvika pa117 GW, uye rinotarisirwa kuwedzera kaviri kusvika 320 GW panosvika 2030. Ikozvino yekuwedzera inogona kunyanya kuEurope (495 GW inogona), Asia (292 GW), uye Americas (200 GW), ukuwo iyo yakaiswa zvishoma muAfrica neOceania ishoma (GW 19). Pakazosvika 2050, zvinotarisirwa kuti 15% yemapurojekiti matsva emagetsi emhepo ekumahombekombe achatora nheyo dzinoyangarara, achiwedzera zvakanyanya miganhu yebudiriro mumvura yakadzika. Nekudaro, uku kushandurwa kwesimba kunounzawo njodzi dzakakura dzezvakatipoteredza. Munguva yekuvaka, kushanda, uye kumisa matanho emapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe, vanogona kukanganisa mapoka akasiyana sehove, invertebrates, shiri dzegungwa, uye mhuka dzemugungwa, kusanganisira kusvibiswa kweruzha, shanduko muminda yemagetsi, shanduko yekugara, uye kukanganisa nzira dzekudya. Zvisinei, panguva imwecheteyo, zvimiro zve turbine yemhepo zvinogonawo kushanda se "artificial reef" kupa pekugara uye kuwedzera marudzi emunharaunda.
1.Offshore mhepo mapurazi anokonzera kukanganisa kwemarudzi akawanda kumarudzi akawanda, uye mhinduro dzinoratidza hukuru hwepamusoro maererano nemhando uye maitiro.
Offshore wind farms (OWFs) ane maitiro akaomarara pamarudzi akasiyana siyana seshiri dzemugungwa, mhuka dzinoyamwisa, hove, uye invertebrates panguva yekuvaka, kushanda, uye kubvisa basa. Mhinduro dzemhando dzakasiyana dzakasiyana zvakanyanya. Semuyenzaniso, mhuka dzinobhururuka dzakaita semagull, loons, uye magull ane zvigunwe zvitatu) ane mwero mukuru wekunzvenga kuenda kumaturbines emhepo, uye hunhu hwadzo hwekunzvenga hunowedzera nekukwira kwekuwanda kweturbine. Nekudaro, dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa dzakadai sezvisimbiso uye porpoises dzinoratidza maitiro ekuswedera kana kuratidza kusazvibata kuri pachena. Dzimwe mhuka (dzakadai seshiri dzegungwa) dzinogona kutosiya nzvimbo dzadzo dzekuberekesa nekudyisa nekuda kwekuvhiringidzwa kwemhepo yepurazi, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekuwanda kwenzvimbo. Iyo anchor cable drift inokonzerwa nemapurazi anoyangarara emhepo inogonawo kuwedzera njodzi yekusungwa netambo, kunyanya kune mawhale makuru. Kuwedzera kwemvura yakadzika mune ramangwana kuchawedzera njodzi iyi.
2.Offshore mhepo mapurazi anoshandura chikafu chewebhu chimiro, kuwedzera emunharaunda marudzi akasiyana-siyana asi kuderedza dunhu rekutanga goho.
Iyo turbine chimiro chemhepo chinogona kuita se "artificial reef", inokwezva zvipenyu zvinodyisa senge mussels nemabarnacles, nekudaro zvichiwedzera kuoma kwenzvimbo yekugara uye kukwezva hove, shiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Nekudaro, iyi "kusimudzirwa kwekudya kunovaka muviri" kazhinji inongogumira padyo neiyo turbine base, nepo pachiyero chedunhu, panogona kuve nekudzikira mukubudirira. Semuenzaniso, mamodheru anoratidza kuti kuumbwa kwemhepo turbine-induced yeblue mussel (Mytilus edulis) nharaunda muNorth Sea inogona kuderedza chibereko chekutanga kusvika 8% kuburikidza nefirita-kudya. Uyezve, munda wemhepo unoshandura kukwira, kusanganisa kwakatwasuka uye kugovaniswazve kwezvinovaka muviri, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukudonha kubva ku phytoplankton kuenda kumhando yepamusoro yetrophic level.
3. Ruzha, magineti emagetsi uye njodzi dzekudhumhana dzinoumba dzvinyiriro huru nhatu dzinouraya, uye shiri nemhuka dzemugungwa ndidzo dzinonyanya kuzviona.
Munguva yekuvakwa kwemapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe, zviitiko zvezvikepe uye mabasa ekuisa mirwi zvinogona kukonzera kudhumhana uye kufa kwekamba dzegungwa, hove, uye cetaceans. Iyo modhi inofungidzira kuti panguva dzepamusoro, purazi remhepo rega rega rine avhareji yekusangana nemawhale makuru kamwe pamwedzi. Ngozi yekudhumhana kweshiri panguva yekushanda inonangana pahurefu hwema turbines emhepo (20 - 150 metres), uye mamwe marudzi akadai seEurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), Black-tailed Gull (Larus crassirostris), uye Black-bellied Gull (Larus schistisagus) ari nyore kusangana nekufamba munzira. MuJapan, mune imwe mhepo purazi yekuendesa mamiriro ezvinhu, gore negore nhamba yekufa kweshiri inopfuura 250. Zvichienzaniswa nemhepo-yakavakirwa simba remhepo, kunyange zvazvo pasina zviitiko zvekufa kwechiremwaremwa zvakanyorwa nokuda kwesimba remhepo yegungwa, njodzi dzinogona kuitika dzetambo entanglement uye yechipiri entanglement (zvakadai zvakasanganiswa neyakasiiwa yemagetsi ekuredza) ichiri kudiwa kuti uve wakangwarira.
4. Kuongorora uye nzira dzekudzikisa hadzina kuenzanisa, uye kurongeka kwepasi rose uye kugadzirisa kwenharaunda kunoda kufambiswa mberi mumakwara maviri akafanana.
Parizvino, ongororo dzakawanda (ESIA, EIA) ipurojekiti-mwero uye inoshaya muchinjika-chirongwa uye muchinjika-wenguva cumulative impact analysis (CIA), iyo inodzikamisa kunzwisiswa kwezvinokonzeresa padanho remhando-boka-ecosystem. Semuenzaniso, 36% chete ye212 yekudzikisa matanho ane humbowo hwakajeka hwekuita. Mamwe matunhu muEurope neNorth America akaongorora akabatanidzwa akawanda-purojekiti CIA, seyedunhu cumulative ongororo yakaitwa neBOEM paAtlantic Outer Continental Shelf yeUnited States. Nekudaro, ivo vachiri kutarisana nematambudziko akadai sekusakwana kwekutanga data uye kusawirirana kwekutarisa. Vanyori vanokurudzira kusimudzira kuvakwa kweakamisikidzwa zviratidzo, mashoma ekutarisa ma frequency, uye adaptive manejimendi zvirongwa kuburikidza nepasirese data kugovana mapuratifomu (akadai seCBD kana ICES semutungamiri) uye zvirongwa zvedunhu rekutarisa ecological (REMPs).
5. Tekinoroji dzekutarisa dziri kubuda dzinowedzera huchokwadi hwekutarisa kudyidzana pakati pesimba remhepo nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu, uye dzinofanira kubatanidzwa mumatanho ese ehupenyu.
Nzira dzechinyakare dzekutarisa (dzakadai sekuongorora mungarava uye nemhepo) dzinodhura uye dzinokwanisa kutarisana nemamiriro ekunze. Zvisinei, nzira dziri kubuda dzakadai seDNA, soundscapes monitoring, underwater videography (ROV/UAV) uye kucherechedzwa kweAI zviri kukurumidza kutsiva kumwe kucherechedzwa kwebhuku, zvichiita kuti shiri, hove, zvipenyu zvipenyu uye zvipenyu zvirambe zvichingoitika. Semuyenzaniso, madhijitari mapatya masisitimu (Digital Mapatya) akakurudzirwa kuenzanisa kudyidzana pakati pesimba remhepo masisitimu uye ecosystem pasi pemamiriro ekunze akanyanya, kunyangwe maapplication aripo achiri mudanho rekuongorora. Tekinoroji dzakasiyana dzinoshanda kumatanho akasiyana ekuvaka, kushanda uye kubvisa. Kana zvakasanganiswa nemaitiro ekutarisa kwenguva refu (senge BACI framework), zvinotarisirwa kuwedzera zvakanyanya kuenzaniswa uye kurongeka kwemhinduro dzezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pazvikero.
Frankstar yakagara yakatsaurirwa kuunza mhinduro dzakakwana dzekutarisa kwegungwa, nehunyanzvi hwakaratidzwa mukugadzira, kusanganisa, kutumira, uye kuchengetedza.MetOcean buoys.
Sezvo simba remhepo rekumahombekombe richiramba richikura pasi rose,Frankstariri kushandisa ruzivo rwayo rwakakura kutsigira kutariswa kwezvakatipoteredza kumapurazi emhepo ekumahombekombe uye mhuka dzemugungwa. Nekubatanidza tekinoroji yepamberi nemaitiro anoratidzwa mumunda, Frankstar yakazvipira kubatsira mukusimudzirwa kwakasimba kwesimba remugungwa rinogonekazve uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvipenyu zvegungwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-08-2025