Njengoko ihlabathi likhawulezisa utshintsho lwalo kumandla ahlaziyekayo, iifama zomoya ezikude nolwandle (OWFs) ziba yintsika ebalulekileyo kubume bamandla. Ngo-2023, amandla afakelweyo ehlabathi jikelele wamandla omoya ophuma elunxwemeni afikelele kwi-117 GW, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba aphindeke kabini ukuya kuma-320 GW ngo-2030. Amandla okwandisa akhoyo ngoku agxininiswe kakhulu eYurophu (i-495 GW enokwenzeka), i-Asia (292 GW), kunye neMelika (200 GW), ngelixa amandla afakiweyo e-Afrika kunye ne-GW ephantsi nge-19. Ngo-2050, kulindeleke ukuba i-15% yeeprojekthi zamandla omoya amatsha aselunxwemeni ziya kwamkela iziseko ezidadayo, zandise kakhulu imida yophuhliso kumanzi anzulu. Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho lwamandla luzisa nemingcipheko ebalulekileyo yendalo. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ukusebenza, kunye nezigaba zokuphelisa iifama zomoya ezikude nonxweme, zinokuphazamisa amaqela ahlukeneyo afana neentlanzi, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo, iintaka zaselwandle, kunye nezilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle, kubandakanywa ungcoliseko lwengxolo, utshintsho kwimihlaba ye-electromagnetic, ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokuhlala, kunye nokuphazamiseka kwiindlela zokutya. Nangona kunjalo, kwangaxeshanye, izakhiwo zeinjini yomoya zinokusebenza “njengeingqaqa ezenziweyo” ukubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala kunye nokuphucula iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zezityalo zasekuhlaleni.
1.Iifama zomoya ezikude nonxweme zibangela ukuphazamiseka okumacala amaninzi kwiintlobo ezininzi, kwaye iimpendulo zibonisa ukuchaneka okuphezulu malunga neentlobo kunye nokuziphatha.
Iifama zomoya ngaphandle konxweme (OWFs) zineempembelelo ezintsonkothileyo kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zeentaka zolwandle, izilwanyana ezanyisayo, iintlanzi, kunye nezilwanyana ezingenamqolo ngexesha lokwakha, ukusebenza, kunye nezigaba zokuphelisa ugunyaziso. Iimpendulo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zihluke kakhulu. Umzekelo, izilwanyana ezibhabhayo (ezifana nengabangaba, iiloon, kunye nengabangaba ezineenzwane ezintathu) zinezinga eliphezulu lokuphepha ukuya kwiiinjini zomoya, kwaye indlela yokuphepha yazo iyenyuka ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lweinjini yomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini ezifana ne-seals kunye ne-porpoises zibonisa indlela yokuziphatha esondelayo okanye zingabonisi mpendulo ecacileyo yokuphepha. Ezinye iintlobo (ezifana neentaka zolwandle) zisenokude ziyishiye indawo yazo yokuzalela kunye nokutya ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwefama yomoya, okukhokelela ekuncipheni kobuninzi bendawo. Intambo ye-ankile yokukhukuliseka okubangelwa ziifama zomoya ezidadayo isenokonyusa umngcipheko wokubanjiswa kweentambo, ingakumbi kwiminenga emikhulu. Ukwandiswa kwamanzi anzulu kwixesha elizayo kuya kuyenza mandundu le ngozi.
2. Iifama zomoya zangaphandle konxweme ziguqula ubume bewebhu yokutya, zinyusa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo zengingqi kodwa zinciphisa imveliso engundoqo yengingqi.
Ulwakhiwo lweinjini yomoya lunokusebenza “njengoqaqa olungeyonyani”, lutsala izinto eziphilayo ezitya izihluzi ezifana neembaza kunye neebarnacles, ngaloo ndlela siphucula ukuntsokotha kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nokutsala iintlanzi, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Nangona kunjalo, esi siphumo "sokukhuthazwa kwezondlo" sikholisa ukukhawulelwa kwindawo yesiseko se turbine, ngelixa kwisikali sommandla, kunokubakho ukuhla kwimveliso. Umzekelo, imifuziselo ibonisa ukuba ukuyilwa kwe-wind turbine yembaza eluhlaza (Mytilus edulis) kuluntu lwaseNorth Sea kunokunciphisa imveliso yokuqala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8% ngokutyisa. Ngaphezu koko, ibala lomoya litshintsha ukonyuka, ukuxutywa ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokusasazwa ngokutsha kwezondlo, okunokukhokelela kwisiphumo sokuhla ukusuka kwiphytoplankton ukuya kwiintlobo eziphezulu zetrophic.
3. Ingxolo, amabala ombane kunye neengozi zokungqubana zenza ezona ngcinezelo zithathu zibulalayo, kwaye iintaka nezilwanyana zaselwandle zezona zinovakalelo kuzo.
Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kweefama zomoya ezikude nonxweme, imisebenzi yeenqanawa kunye nemisebenzi yokufaka inqwaba inokubangela ukungqubana kunye nokufa kweentlanzi zaselwandle, iintlanzi kunye ne-cetaceans. Umzekelo uqikelela ukuba ngamaxesha aphakamileyo, ifama yomoya nganye inokudibana neminenga emikhulu kanye ngenyanga. Umngcipheko wokungqubana kweentaka ngexesha lokusebenza ugxininiswe kumphakamo weeinjini zomoya (i-20 - 150 yeemitha), kwaye ezinye iindidi ezifana ne-Eurasian Curlew (Numenius arquata), i-Black-tailed Gull (i-Larus crassirostris), kunye ne-Black-bellied Gull (i-Larus schistisagus) zithandwa kakhulu kwiindlela zokufa. E-Japan, kwimeko ethile yokusasazwa kwefama yomoya, inani elinokubakho lonyaka lokufa kweentaka lidlula i-250. Xa kuthelekiswa namandla omoya asekelwe emhlabeni, nangona kungekho ziganeko zokufa kwamalulwane zirekhodwe kumandla omoya ongaselunxwemeni, imingcipheko enokubakho yokuphonswa kwentambo kunye nokuphonswa kwesibini (okufana nokudityaniswa nezixhobo zokuloba ezilahliweyo) kusafuneka zihlale ziphaphile.
4. Uvavanyo kunye neendlela zokunciphisa azikho emgangathweni, kwaye ulungelelwaniso lwehlabathi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kommandla kufuneka kuqhutyelwe phambili ngeendlela ezimbini ezihambelanayo.
Okwangoku, uninzi lovavanyo (ESIA, EIA) lunqanaba leprojekthi kwaye alukho uhlalutyo lweprojekthi enqamlezileyo kunye nohlalutyo lwexeshana lwecumulative impact (CIA), olunqanda ukuqondwa kweempembelelo kumgangatho we-speci-group-ecosystem. Umzekelo, yi-36% kuphela yamanyathelo okunciphisa angama-212 anobungqina obucacileyo bokusebenza. Eminye imimandla yaseYurophu naseMntla Melika iphonononge i-CIA yeeprojekthi ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo, ezifana novavanyo oluqokelelweyo lwengingqi oluqhutywa yi-BOEM kwi-Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf yase-United States. Nangona kunjalo, basajongene nemingeni efana nedatha esisiseko enganelanga kunye nokungangqinelani kohlolo. Ababhali bacebisa ukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezalathi ezisemgangathweni, ubuncinci bokujongwa rhoqo, kunye nezicwangciso zokulawula ukulungelelanisa ngokusebenzisa amaqonga okwabelana ngedatha ngamazwe (njenge-CBD okanye i-ICES njengesikhokelo) kunye neenkqubo zokubeka iliso zengingqi (REMPs).
5. Ubuchwepheshe obuvelayo bokubeka iliso buphucula ukuchaneka kokujonga intsebenziswano phakathi kwamandla omoya kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kwaye kufuneka zidityaniswe kuzo zonke izigaba zomjikelo wobomi.
Iindlela zemveli zokubeka iliso (ezifana nophando olusekwe enqanaweni kunye nolwenziwa emoyeni) zibiza imali eninzi kwaye zichaphazeleka kwiimeko zemozulu. Nangona kunjalo, ubuchule obuvelayo obufana ne-eDNA, ukujongwa kwe-soundscapes, i-videography engaphantsi kwamanzi (i-ROV / UAV) kunye nokuqatshelwa kwe-AI kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza ukubonwa kwezandla, okwenza ukuba ukulandelela rhoqo kweentaka, iintlanzi, i-benthic organisms kunye neentlobo ezihlaselayo. Umzekelo, iisistim zamawele edijithali (Amawele eDijithali) ziye zandululwa ukulinganisa intsebenziswano phakathi kweenkqubo zamandla omoya kunye ne-ecosystem phantsi kweemeko zemozulu ezimandundu, nangona izicelo zangoku zisekwinqanaba lophononongo. Ubuchwephesha obahlukeneyo busebenza kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okwakha, ukusebenza kunye nokuphelisa ugunyaziso. Ukuba kudityaniswe noyilo lwexesha elide lokubeka iliso (olufana nesakhelo se-BACI), kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe kakhulu ukuthelekiseka nokulandeleka kweempendulo zezinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kwizikali.
UFrankstar kudala ezinikezele ekunikezeni izisombululo ezibanzi zokubeka iliso kulwandle, kunye nobuchule obuqinisekisiweyo kwimveliso, ukudibanisa, ukusasazwa, kunye nokugcinwa kolwandle.Iibhoyi zeMetOcean.
Njengoko amandla omoya olwandle eqhubeka esanda kwihlabathi jikelele,Frankstarisebenzisa amava ayo abanzi ukuxhasa uhlolo lokusingqongileyo kwiifama zomoya ezikude nonxweme kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaselwandle. Ngokudibanisa iteknoloji ephakamileyo kunye nezenzo eziqinisekisiweyo zentsimi, uFrankstar uzibophelele ekufakeni igalelo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lwamandla avuselelekayo olwandle kunye nokukhuselwa kwezinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-08-2025